What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?
Short answer
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor specialised in psychiatry and, being a physician, can prescribe medication. A psychologist holds a psychology degree, is registered with the CRP in Brazil, and provides psychotherapy — the work done in talking sessions. It is not an either/or choice: seeing both at once is common.
What each one does
The underlying difference is training, and everything else follows from it: only the physician prescribes medication and orders tests.
- Psychiatrist: medical degree, psychiatry specialisation, registered with the CRM. Assesses, diagnoses and can prescribe.
- Psychologist: psychology degree and CRP registration. Provides psychotherapy and psychological assessment; does not prescribe.
- Psychoanalyst: not a profession regulated by a council in Brazil. When the practitioner is also a psychologist, they hold a CRP.
Do I have to choose?
No. Many people are followed by both, each in their own role. Who decides what makes sense in your case is a professional who has assessed you — not a text on the internet, and not this website.
If you do not know where to start, starting with either is better than not starting: both will normally point you to the right referral.
Frequently asked questions
- Can a psychologist prescribe medication?
- No. Prescribing is restricted to professionals with medical training. A psychologist can, and often will, suggest that you also seek a medical assessment.
- Do I need a psychiatrist referral to start therapy?
- No. You can contact a psychologist directly, with no referral from anyone.
- Who makes a diagnosis?
- A mental health diagnosis is made by a qualified professional through assessment. No website, online questionnaire or directory diagnoses anyone — this one included.